Acanthosis Nigricans

Acanthosis Nigricans is a skin disorder characterized by darkening and thickening of the skin affecting in the area of skin folds mainly armpits, posterior neck and groin. Acanthosis nigricans is usually cutaneous manifestation of underlying condition or disease.

What causes Acanthosis Nigricans?

The definitive cause for acanthosis nigricans is still unclear but it is often associated with conditions that increase your insulin level, like obesity and type 2 diabetes. Some cases are inherited and some rare cases are associated with gastric cancer. Certain medications, especially hormones such as oral contraceptive and growth hormones and excess dose of vitamin B3 (niacin) may also contribute to this condition. Other endocrine disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and others may also contribute.

Symptoms of Acanthosis Nigricans

Skin changes are the only signs of acanthosis nigricans where darkening and thickening of the skin around armpits, posterior neck and groin occurs. The affected area usually doesn’t itch. Skin tags may be found around the affected area. Skin changes are very slow and may take months to years.

How is Acanthosis Nigricans Diagnosed ?

Diagnosis is usually made clinically during skin exams. If the clinical diagnosis is confusing, skin biopsy may be needed. If the cause is unknown, your doctor may perform x-ray, ultrasound or blood tests to find out other possible underlying cause.

Acanthosis Nigricans Treatment
The primary goal of the therapy is to treat the underlying conditions. Underlying cause or conditions such as obesity, excess insulin, tumors and medication should be treated accordingly.

There is no any specific treatment for acanthosis nigricans. Treatment of the lesion to improve cosmetic appearance can be achieved through topical medications such as retinoids, hydroquinone, dermabrasion and laser therapy. Oral medications, such as etretinate, isotretinoin, metformin, and some fish oils supplements have shown good results.